Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells produce proteins, the essential biomolecules that carry out the majority of functions in living organisms. The process involves two main steps: transcription, where the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), and translation, where the mRNA is used as a template to direct the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation takes place in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes. The completed polypeptide chain then undergoes further processing, such as folding and post-translational modifications, to become a functional protein.