Isomers

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures, and they are categorized into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers, also known as structural isomers, differ in the connectivity of atoms, leading to variations such as skeletal, positional, and functional isomers. Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, and they include enantiomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images, and diastereomers, which are not mirror images. Understanding these types of isomers is crucial in organic chemistry for predicting the properties and reactivity of molecules.