Repulsion & Attraction Forces

Repulsion and attraction forces are fundamental interactions that govern the behavior of atoms and molecules. Attraction forces, such as ionic and covalent bonds, occur when opposite charges or shared electrons bring atoms together, stabilizing the structure of molecules. Repulsion forces, including electron-electron and nuclear-nuclear repulsions, arise when like charges push atoms or parts of molecules apart, influencing molecular shape and geometry. The balance between these forces determines the stability, structure, and reactivity of chemical compounds, playing a crucial role in phenomena such as molecular bonding, intermolecular interactions, and chemical reactions.